2.
  -2024
..  

(  )
:      :75
:    -    ,        
             
-
1. "   "   
2. " "     
-
3. ,              
4.           
  
 ?
-
5. 
  ?        
2.
6. " "       
-
7.  '   :
() 
()  
(c) - 
8.  '   :
(a)  
()  
(c)  
2.
  -2024
..  

(  )
:      :75
:    -    ,        
             
-
1. "   "   
:               
   ,    
    , "    
 ,       ?     ' 
    '

 ? 
       
  ?" 
,          ,     
   
  ,             :

        ,  
    ?
,    '       
  ,   
     ,       '  
 ?    -            
 
 
1.     
 ?
      ,       
          ,   ,
2.
 
 ,            
     :
1.  :      
2.  :   '         
3. :       
4. :        
5. :          

        ,   ""     
,       '   
2.       
     -               
                 
    "   ,"      :   
    ?              ?
  ,         
 

 -     ,      
        :
  :          
    
  :        
 
 :          
 
     '  
 -     '
  ,            
      
3.    '   
        
       
 ,    ,         
  :
2.
  :          
 ,        
   (  fMRI):,         
   ,  
 :   , ,    

       ,     
 
 -           
         ,  ,  
  
4.   
   , "      
?"     :
  ,  
      
 '  
   ,          
 :
 :         

 : 
,        
  
 :           
 ,            

 ,        :       ,   
                
-      
        
        
5.        
              
    :
1.   :    
       ?
2.   :         
   
3.    :       
2.
4.    :          
   
5.  :   '   ,    
          ,   ,
  ,   ,         
6.        
    
 -        -
         :
      '      
      
      '       

             
   
             
  ,       
7.   
      -          
   :
 ,      (    ) 
   , -     
   
     ,    
        ,       '
   ,        
8.       
 
     ,       :
2.
 :       ,  
      
 :     ,  
 
 :   '      
 
 :       ,  
     
          , , ,  
   
9.     
          :
      
   ,           
    ,     ,    
  
10.     
      
        
     ,       , 
       -      ""   
    ,        
,            
 
            ,   
 ,              ,
            

       
 ,    '
 
11. :      
2.
,  
     ?     
:
1.        '   
2.  ,    
    
3.              
4.   
 ,     ,    '  
  
5.          
6.      
7.          
          
   
  
        ,     
 
          
 ,              , 

         
 -    
       
2. " "     
: : ,   
 

   
            
  
   ,     
 : "   
        ,        , 
  ,           
"
,              
 -  
        ,      ,   : 
?  
? 
     ?
      
   ?
        ,        ,
, , ,   -   
    
,     
         - , , , 
2.
            
    
  
  :             
 

    
 ?
    
 :
1.    :    ,  
   
     
2.   :     
   ,      
     

3.    :   ,    
  
4.    :   ,        
 
      , ,  , , ,    
      
   
     
       '     3:
1.   
:        
:             
              
:             
2.   
:       ,     
:         ,  
: "   "       
3.   
: --     
:           
  

:   ""  "
"      
2.
4.   
:          
:           
:       
5.   
:          
:               
 
:    
    
    
      
 ,       :
1.  
o     ,      
2.   
o    : 
   ?
3.   
o , , ,      
4.    
o ,      
5.  
o    ' ,    
   
  -     :
 :   ,  ,    
   : , ,  - '    
  
 :  ,   ,      
  :      
   :          
 :  -      - 
  
  : ,  ,    
 
  :      ,  ,  
     
2.
   
1.   : ,    
2.  :   -       
3. :            
4.  : ,        
   
1.  :        
 
2.  :           
3. :       
4. :            
  
               
  - '    ,       
   - ,  ,       ,   
    ,             
     :    '        
   
 
    
         
  ,
 ,  ,              
    
 ,  
         
  

              
 , , , ,     
 , ,  ,        ' 
 
 ,       ,     
   
 ,               
 
                   

2.
-
3. ,              
:   
    ,         
     ,        ,      
      
      
  ,  
    ,   ,          - 
     , 
       
    : , ,        
  
 
 ,          ,     
        
1. ,   :      
            
a) - 
                
     , 
    
 
:             
               , 
      
    
o  , , , 
   
o  , , ,     (
        )
 "
           "    
)  -  
        ,         
                -
    
:    ,      
  -              

2.
      ,       
  :
o     
o         
o     
o       
 ,            ,  

  , 
 
 
c)  -   
                 , 
 "
"   
          
:
            
o  
o          
o    , ,   ,      
    
      
 -  , ,     
     :
 , ,    
         
         
  ,     
 :
"             
 "
2. :    
 
,    
               
 
? 
                 
  
 
 ,               
    ,          
a)   
2.
             , ,   
-              
 
 
     
:
      (: ),  
 
 (: )          
  
         ,   -
        :
)   
1. - 
o :             
 ,       
o : -        
            
o :
      
     
2. - 
o :       -     
  ,      
o :             
            
o :
  
 -       
3. - 
o :            
 
o :       -   
      ()      ()  

o :
     
,      
4.  - 
o :          ,   
    
o :
        :
2.
       
 B →     
o :
  
          
 
3.    
, ,           :
4.   :   
         , ,      
()  ,              
(: )              (: -
)
,   -             
 :          
 ,             , 
-      ,          
2.
          ,  -     
 
          ,    ,
      ,    ,    
          
5. :      -
  :
"   "
"    
  "
"    " 
     
 , 
    ,     :
   -
   -
      -
        -
   , 
      ,    
 ,               
 , , ,             
-    
       ,       
   
4.           
  
 ?
: ,  ,    
 

        
,  
,   

       ,      ,      , 

    ,     
 ,  
   
       -     
2.
                ,   
        
;      , 
     - --   
   
       '     ""      
    ,            :
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
  ""    
:
      (   ,  
)
    (   )
    - -  (  ,   , )
   (      )    
    , , ,       , 
         
 :          ,      
  
 ,            
   
   
    
;         

  ,       -     ',   
       (ANS)    
,     :
1.    (SNS)-       (" 
")
2.    (PNS)-     ("   
")
   -      :
2.
1. 
     
    
      
   ,        
       
2. 
    
         
   ,      
      
3. 
    "   "   
 , 
 
      ,      
4. 
    
    (    )
    ,     
5. 
  ,    
    
        
6. 
 ,    
     ,         
:  " " 
       ,    ,
       
  
2.
    
      - -   ,
 ,           
 :
 (0-1 )
 :   ()  
6 :      -  ' 
 
3-4 : ,       
6-8 :   ,     
 (1-3 )
       
   '      
2    ,  ,         - 
-    ,   -   
  (3-6 )
      (   ')
          
         ( ,   ' 
 )
  (6-12 )
            
   '    ,    '   

        
  (12-18 )
       
   , , ,     
 
        
 

    :  ,  ,  
            
  '    
2.
 :       ,     
 (, )      ,    (, , )   
,    (    , ,  )   
 
  
1. :     
 ,      
 
2.  :     
 
3. :   -       
4. :           
,    ,     
 
  ""   ,   ,     
   ,             
 ,   ,     
  
            
  -,  ,
,      -    ,    ' ,  '
  ,             , 
        
     ,  ,  ,      -  
   
 , 
  ,  
  

   ,      , , ,
,   
        ,   
,  ,      
           ,  
   , -    
 ,    ,   -,      
        -  ,  ,   
2.
-
5. 
  ?        
:
  ?        
    , ,          
  ,      ,     
       ,           
          ?    ?    ?
 ,            ,  ,
,           
 
        
  , ,  
 
, ,   -        

    
   ' ,      
       -  ,       
   
  ,          ,  
 ,                
    ,          
  
          
      
   :
1.        :
   
  , 
     ,  
      -    ,  , 
               ,
     , 
  ,     
  
;      
2.     :
               
   ,      ,   , 
       ,    - 
    ,           
2.
     , , ,     
 
3.     :
    
         
         
 ,    
   
  ,  ,  ,   
         
 
4.  - :
             , 
                
             
        ,      
 
 
5.   :
       
      ,  
,              
         -  
    - ,    -    
6.      :
     
       
,        ,   
        ,       
             
7.        :
   ,          
 ,          
  
;       '     
     
8.   :
    '    ,   
       
      , 
        ,        
         
  
     ,      '   
           
 :
1.   :
          ,      
    
   ,    
 
 ,          
  '  

2.
2.  - :
      ,   , ,    
, ,     -    


3.       :
        ,      
         ,     '
      
4.   :
      ,    (, ) 
 (, )     ,      
              
           
5.  -   :
           ,    
     ,      
     '  
6.      :
          
  
              
    ,      
7.   :
           
        
     ' 
     ,      
        
8.   :
   ,       
  
,  ,     -   
     ,       
      
9.   :

   '     ,    
      ,     
      
10.       :
           , , 
         ,     ,
      
 
:   
           :
2.
/   /    
 
/:   ; , ,     
: '   
:    
/ :    
:     
:       
  :  - , ,    
  
    ,       '   
 :
1.  : 
,      '  
2.  :   

3.  :        
4.  :   

5.  :,      

    ,      --  
  
,              
 , ,           
         
 -    ,
              , 
  ,
           
6. " "       
:       
 

19
                
                :
                  ,  
             
    
2.
            - 
 
      ,          
          ,     
,            
  
   ?
  (      )  
  
 
   (NS) ( )     (UCS) ( ) 
      '     (UCR) ( )  

-   ,      (CS)   ,  
        (CR)   
:
  :  (UCS) →  (UCR)
 :  (NS) +  (UCS) →  (UCR)
  :  (CS) →  (CR)
  :       ,       
 
     
1.   
     .     ,     
   '    ,     ' 
   ' " "        ,    
         
,  20
   
  '  
2.      
            
   
     
 -      
3.  
2.
:     (   ) 
     
:        
 '  ,          
:        
     
 :                
  ,      
4.  
        ,      
         ,  

     
   ,           
  :
1. 
:      - (SR)  
      ,        
:       
;   , 

       -   
 
 
2.  '   
    '  ,     '    
             
    ,       ,  
   

3.    
           
             
    ,         
  
         -  
4.  
2.
  ,   (  , ,  )
   
 ,   (   ,    
,   )   
   ,  
()      
5.  
  " "          
       ,     

6.  
              
 
            
 
              
 ,       
 
:           
  ,   ,  ,   
    
:   ,     ,    ,
       
 
 ,          
    
       
  
         , , 
            ,   
    ,    
    , 
 
    ,           
   

 ,    ,    
              
  
2.
   :  ,  ,   '
 
     : ,   ,  ,  

 ,             
      ,       ,
 ,       
 ,  
    ,  
     
    :       
 -      
                ,
              
-
7.  '   :
() 
()  
(c) - 
:   
            
   ,     ,        
           -  -   
  ,            ,  
 ,        ,  ,  
             '  
     : ,  ,  - 
(a) :   
   ,    ,  ,  ,  
                
      ,      -    
   , 
  ,    
    
    
1.    :
   
          
2.
    :       ?     
   ?            ?
2.     :
o  :   
      
 
     ,     ,  
    ,          
   -          
    , , ,  ,   
     
o  :,    
     
 
  , 
   ,    ,   
        -   
           
   ,     
 
3.      :
       
   ,
 ,         
 :
o             
o            
o         '   
    :           
   
  
   :
     :
     
   '           
()  :   
  
     ,    '   -  
     ,        
            ,   '  -
 ,     ( )
1.    :
      
       
2.
  
              ( 
  )              
""         
2.     :
o :    (    )    

o   :-      ()   
 
o    :    '    
      ( ,   , 
 )
3.     :
o -:        ( ,    
 )
o  (  ):         
o  :         
 
4.    :
o          
o             
5.   :
           ,    
 ,         '     
;          
6.     :
1000           
 -          ,      
             
        
    :
     :
 
   
: "t-         "
(c) - :    -
         ?  ,       
  , ,     '         
-  
  -    ,     
2.
1.    :
-     
       

  ,   ,        
       
2.  :
o  (/  )   (, ,   )
    
o     
o        , ,   '

3. -    :
o - :       
o -  :   (t-  )    
o  - :      
o - :        (ANOVA  )
4. -   :
o   , ,        
o     '     
o    -    
5.   :
          -  
      :      
 ,  
     '   ' 
6. -    :
             
 
    
,   -   
          
-    :
      ()   
 - : ":     -: 
  "
  -     
     ,          
   :

 
- 

      
   
2.
 
/
// 


      

   



-, ,  -
-, -,

 :     '       ; ,
,   -         
 ; ,        

:    
           - 
 ,              
: ,     ,  
=    
 =      ,   ' 
 
- = ,       
     ,         
 , -   ,         , 
  
      :
2.
      '         
  -    
8.  '   :
(a)  
()  
(c)  
: ,  ,    '     |
 

        100      
           : 45, 67, 89, 72, 53, 91    
     ,              ?
       ?        ?  
             ?
        
       
       ,     '  
 :
 ,  ,         

(a)  

           ,    
     100   '    ,     
  ,          ,       
 
 ,        
  -   ,   
 
1.    
o     ""  
o :  
o :     '  
o :       
2.
2.    ()
o          
o :          
o    :        
3.  
o   , ,  ,    
 
 
o          

       68 ,    95 ,    40 ,    12
 ,   :
        
     12      
        

     
 
         
       
 :             
  
 
()  

       : "       
 ,      ?"         
,        100       
     :  ,    ,   
         
 
1. 
o       , 
     

o : 1,000  100 
2.  
2.
o        '     
      
 
3.  
o     ()    
o : "     65   "
4.  
o              

o : " 95%         66  70
  "
5.   -
o          
o :           ?

 100       68 ,      
    :
" 95%       1,000     66  70 
 "
, "               
  "

      
,       
         
 :          '
  ,  ' 
(c)  

,    100    '       '  
,      :
40–49: 5 
50–59: 12 
60–69: 30 
70–79: 28 
2.
80–89: 20 
90–99: 5 
     -            
       
 
1.  
o       ( , 50–59, 60–69)
2. 
o      
3.   
o  , ,      

  ,       :
   60  79     
    50    90     
      ,        

   
 
     
 
           


   
     (  = 68)
     (   60-79  
  )
     (       
     )
  ,             
  
  
 -   :
2.
1.         - 
      
2.           
    
3.         -     
         
   ,         ,  
     ,       ,   
   

 : , ,  ,      
      
 :  '   ,     
        
 :             
   ,      
 ,              ,
              

"               

       ,         "